Five Things to Consider Before Deciding On The Size Of an ESOP Pool

  • Written Written by Equity team 03 February 2023 | 4 min read
  • Editor's Note :

    ESOPs can be a powerful tool for employee compensation and retention, but the size of the pool should be determined based on a careful analysis of the company's finances and long-term goals. Dive to understand Five Things to Consider Before Deciding On The Size Of an ESOP Pool.

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Over the past few years, ESOPs have become the carrot that employers offer to existing and prospective employees for retention and hiring. In any case, startups have mounted on the ESOP bandwagon and are starting to leverage them with Buybacks, but not many companies consider all the parameters before they decide on the ESOP Pool. But before we go into this, let’s talk about the basics first.

What is an ESOP Pool?

An ESOP Pool is the share of the stocks that are reserved for employees of the organization. For example, if 100% of the company shares count to 10000, and there is an ESOP Pool of 15% ( amounting to 1500 shares), then the total shares on a fully diluted basis would amount to 11,500 shares. This amount should be decided by the founders at an early stage as it requires them to dilute a certain percentage of ownership to allocate the ESOP Pool.

Why do you need an ESOP Pool?

“The greatest investment you can make is in people” - This is absolutely true, especially for startups. To make this happen ESOP pool is necessary as without an ESOP pool you can award ESOPs to employees. If you don’t have one, then founders might have to dilute their ownership in the later stages.

It can also help show the investors that you intend to attract and retain the best talent. As such they expect the ESOP pool to be large enough to accommodate that. So in reality the question is not if you need an ESOP but when you should create it. Obviously, the answer would be, as soon as possible.

What Should be the size of an ESOP Pool?

There is no exact formula or no exact percentage as a shortcut to identifying the size of the ESOP pool. It depends on many factors ranging from company valuation, the stage of funding it is in, the ownership structure, etc., some of which we will be discussing further. But it is important to note that the size of the ESOP pool and ESOP grants are inversely proportional to the company’s valuation.

As the valuation increases, companies need not leverage the pool as a lucrative option and can offer better compensation. This is one of the reasons why companies in the later stages of funding focus on the buyback of shares.

ESOP Valuation: Key Factors & Methods

Ready to assess the value of your company's ESOPs? Determining their worth accurately depends on multiple factors.

Things to consider before deciding on the ESOP Pool

Pre or Post-Money Seed

Why is this important? Valuation and ownership percentages would change after funding. For example, if a company with a pre-money $4 million valuation gets financing of $1 million, then the post-money valuation would be $5 million - ( 1/5 = 20% dilution). But if the VC’s term sheet includes a 15% “fully diluted post-money” option pool then the investor wants 15% as the option pool post-financing.

So, to satisfy this there needs to be $750,000 for the option pool. This would mean the company ownership would be 20% with the VC, 15% for the option pool, and 65% with the shareholders. This would mean a 35% dilution instead of the earlier 20% dilution. Therefore it is important to have an ESOP pool as early as possible to avoid sudden dilution during the funding.

Valuation

In continuation to the pre and post-seed money dilution. The financing would also affect the valuation, as a greater pool would reduce the valuation. Let’s compare:


Bigger Option Pool
Smaller Option Pool
Valuation (worth)
$4 million
$4 million
Seed Money
$1 million
$1 million
Option Pool
$1 million
$500,000
Post-money valuation
$6 million
$5.5 million
Effective valuation
66.67% ($4mil/$6mil)
72.72% ($4mil/$5.5mil)

See how with all the other parameters same, by altering the option pool, the valuation has been reduced by 5.76 basis points in this case.

Stop relying on benchmarks

The size of the options pool or the ESOPs pool is one of the most subjective decisions that founders have to make for their organization. Therefore they might be looking at benchmarks to make the decision, which is normally between 0% to 15%. For example, CRED raised its ESOP pool amount by $143 million to make it $500 million to make 12.5% of the company's equity-based.

There are some companies that offer 30% for their ESOP pool like Innoviti in 2020. But the median figure is around 10%. But it is a subjective decision of the founders, and they should decide based on their conditions and requirements more than what the benchmark should be about.

Future hiring needs

This also plays an important factor in identifying the ESOP pool at least for the near future. ESOPs are meant to be an added advantage that can be offered to employees, especially at the initial stages of a startup. Therefore the hiring plan for the next 2 years should be taken into consideration before deciding on the ESOP pool.

Two key things to remember about ESOPs while hiring:

Cash Flow

The last and one of the most important aspects of the ESOP pool is the actual cash flow of the company. Financial resources for the backbone to sustain and operate employee stock option plans. You should understand:

Therefore with a feasibility study of your company’s cash flow you would be able to estimate the size of an ESOP Pool.
If you are interested in drafting, creating, and implementing an ESOP program tailored to your business or if you are interested in digitizing your ESOP initiative, you can  contact us . Our team of experts at Vega Equity is very happy to be of assistance.

About Vega Equity

Vega Equity offers companies an effective, intuitive, and paperless platform for managing equity. It provides accurate cap table management, customized user experiences, and precise information. Additionally, it assists in measuring KPIs, analyzing data, and tracking performance towards goals.

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